What role does cryptography play in blockchain technology?

Cryptography is fundamental to blockchain technology as it ensures the privacy and integrity of data. This is achieved through the use of cryptographic hash functions that create secure, immutable records of transactions. Each block in a blockchain contains a hash of the previous block, which links them together. This linkage not only secures the data within each block but also contributes to the overall integrity of the blockchain by preventing tampering and unauthorized changes.

Additionally, cryptographic techniques such as digital signatures enable authentication and verification of transactions, allowing users to confirm the identity of parties involved without revealing sensitive information. By safeguarding data against unauthorized access and alterations, cryptography plays a crucial role in establishing trust among users in a decentralized system, making it essential for maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the information within the blockchain.